Ali S, Hudson S, Rajagopal M, et al. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Commercially Available Virtual Reality for Intravenous Cannulation-Related Distress in Children. J Pediatr. 2026;288:114803.
Tsze DS, Woodward HA, McLaren SH, et al. Optimal Dose of Intranasal Midazolam for Procedural Sedation in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2025;179(9):979–86.
Wang JY, Speechley K, Anderson KK, et al. Intranasal midazolam for procedural distress in children in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CJEM. 2024;26(9):658-70.
Wong CL, Choi KC. Effects of an immersive virtual reality intervention on pain and anxiety among pediatric patients undergoing venipuncture: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(2):e230001.
Scribner-O’Pray M, Taylor ED, Krause E, Nickel A, Bergmann KR. Factors associated with low procedural pain scores among 1- to 5-year-old patients undergoing facial laceration repair. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2023;39(3):135-41.
Poonai N, Sabhaney V, Ali S, et al. Optimal dose of intranasal dexmedetomidine for laceration repair in children: A phase ii dose-ranging study. Ann Emerg Med. 2023;82(2):179-90.
Kleye I, Sundler AJ, Karlsson K, Darcy L, Hedén L. Positive effects of a child-centered intervention on children’s fear and pain during needle procedures. Paediatr Neonatal Pain. 2023;5(1):23-30.
Siembieda J, Heyming T, Padlipsky P, Young KD. Triple versus single application of lidocaine, epinephrine, and tetracaine for laceration repair in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2022;38(2):e472-4.
Moline RL, Constantin K, Chambers CT, et al. A brief mindfulness intervention for parents and children before pediatric venipuncture: A randomized controlled trial. Children (Basel). 2022;9(12):1869.
Lee HN, Hwang S, Jung JY, et al. Tablet personal computer distraction during intravenous placement for young children in the pediatric emergency department: A pilot study. Pediatr Int. 2022;64(1):e15150.
Kammerer E, Eszczuk J, Caldwell K, et al. A qualitative study of the pain experiences of children and their parents at a Canadian children’s hospital. Children (Basel). 2022;9(12):1796.
Cozzi G, Cognigni M, Busatto R, et al. Adolescents’ pain and distress during peripheral intravenous cannulation in a paediatric emergency setting. Eur J Pediatr. 2022;181(1):125-31.
Braithwaite FA, Noel M, Jones HG, et al. Reframe the pain: Divided attention and positive memory reframing to reduce needle pain and distress in children-a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pain. 2022;26(8):1702-22.
Osmanlliu E, Trottier ED, Bailey B, et al. Distraction in the emergency department using virtual reality for intravenous procedures in children to improve comfort (DEVINCI): A pilot pragmatic randomized controlled trial. CJEM. 2021;23(1):94-102.
Lunoe MM, Bolin AE, Drendel AL. An evaluation of high preprocedural anxiety and venipuncture pain experienced by young children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2021;37(10):e621-4.
Ali S, Manaloor R, Ma K, et al. A randomized trial of robot-based distraction to reduce children’s distress and pain during intravenous insertion in the emergency department. CJEM. 2021;23(1):85-93.
Ali S, Ma K, Dow N, et al. A randomized trial of iPad distraction to reduce children’s pain and distress during intravenous cannulation in the paediatric emergency department. Paediatr Child Health. 2021;26(5):287-93.
Oommen S, Shetty A. Does parental anxiety affect children’s perception of pain during intravenous cannulation? Nurs Child Young People. 2020;32(3):21-4.
Chumpitazi CE, Caviness AC, Grawe GH, Camp EA, Shah M. Evaluation of hydrocodone/acetaminophen for pediatric laceration repair: A randomized trial. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020;145(1):126e-34e.
Schinkel MG, Boerner KE, Chambers CT, McMurtry CM. Adult judgments of children’s pain and fear during venipuncture: The impact of adult and child sex. Can J Pain. 2018;2(1):292-301.
Gouin S, Gaucher N, Lebel D, Desjardins MP. A randomized double-blind trial comparing the effect on pain of an oral sucrose solution vs. Placebo in children 1 to 3 months old undergoing simple venipuncture. J Emerg Med. 2018;54(1):33-9.
Olsen K, Weinberg E. Pain-less practice: Techniques to reduce procedural pain and anxiety in pediatric acute care. Clin Pediatr Emerg Med. 2017;18(1):32-41.
Neville DNW, Hayes KR, Ivan Y, McDowell ER, Pitetti RD. Double-blind randomized controlled trial of intranasal dexmedetomidine versus intranasal midazolam as anxiolysis prior to pediatric laceration repair in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2016;23(8):910-7.
McMurtry CM, Pillai Riddell R, Taddio A, et al. Far from “just a poke”: Common painful needle procedures and the development of needle fear. Clin J Pain. 2015;31(10 Suppl):S3-11.
Hartling L, Newton AS, Liang Y, et al. Music to reduce pain and distress in the pediatric emergency department: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2013;167(9):826-35.
Yeaman F, Oakley E, Meek R, Graudins A. Sub-dissociative dose intranasal ketamine for limb injury pain in children in the emergency department: a pilot study. Emerg Med Australas. 2013;25(2):161-167.
Stevens BJ, Abbott LK, Yamada J, et al. Epidemiology and management of painful procedures in children in Canadian hospitals. CMAJ. 2011;183(7):e403-10.
Babl FE, Goldfinch C, Mandrawa C, et al. Does nebulized lidocaine reduce the pain and distress of nasogastric tube insertion in young children? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2009;123(6):1548-55.