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Key Resources

UNDER REVIEW: Bottom Line Recommendations: Procedural Sedation  (2018)

UNDER REVIEW: Bottom Line Recommendations: Procedural Sedation

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Evered L, Bhatt M & TREKK Network

Evered L, Bhatt M & TREKK Network

Bottom line recommendations for pediatric procedural sedation. Published online: March 2018.

Bottom line recommendations for pediatric procedural sedation. Published online: March 2018.

Procedural Sedation: Evidence Repository (2022)

Procedural Sedation: Evidence Repository (2022)

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Dr. Maala Bhatt and Dr. Corrie Chumpitazi

Dr. Maala Bhatt and Dr. Corrie Chumpitazi

For a list of references that were used in the creation of this resource, see Evidence Repository: Procedural Sedation (2022)

For a list of references that were used in the creation of this resource, see Evidence Repository: Procedural Sedation (2022)

Recommandations de Base: La Sédation Procédurale  (2018)

Recommandations de Base: La Sédation Procédurale

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Evered L, Bhatt M & TREKK Network

Evered L, Bhatt M & TREKK Network

Bottom line recommendations for the procedural sedation - French. Published online: March 2018.

Bottom line recommendations for the procedural sedation - French. Published online: March 2018.

Acute Procedural Pain: Paediatric Recommendations and Implementation Toolkits  (2017)

Acute Procedural Pain: Paediatric Recommendations and Implementation Toolkits

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The Canadian Association of Paediatric Health Centres, Knowledge Exchange Network

The Canadian Association of Paediatric Health Centres, Knowledge Exchange Net...

Objective: This overview is intended to summarize the systematic reviews of interventions studied to decrease paediatric pain that are currently available in the Cochrane Library. Given their unique physiology, research relevant to the management of newbo

Objective: This overview is intended to summarize the systematic reviews of interventions studied to decrease paediatric pain that are currently available in the Cochrane Library. Given their unique physiology, research relevant to the management of newbo

Bottom Line Recommendations: Procedural Pain (2022)

Bottom Line Recommendations: Procedural Pain (2022)

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Clinical guidelines

Clinical Practice Guideline: Good practice in postoperative and procedural pain management  (2012)

Clinical Practice Guideline: Good practice in postoperative and procedural pain management

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Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland

Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland

This themed issue starts with an outstanding review of the history of Pediatric Regional Anesthesia (PRA), written by an equally outstanding second-wave pioneer and promoter of this particular facet of pediatric anesthesia, Professor Emeritus Kester Brown

This themed issue starts with an outstanding review of the history of Pediatric Regional Anesthesia (PRA), written by an equally outstanding second-wave pioneer and promoter of this particular facet of pediatric anesthesia, Professor Emeritus Kester Brown

Clincal Practice Guideline: Prevention and Management of Procedural Pain in the Neonate: An Update  (2016)

Clincal Practice Guideline: Prevention and Management of Procedural Pain in the Neonate: An Update

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Committee on Fetus and Newborn and Section on Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine

Committee on Fetus and Newborn and Section on Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine

Purpose: This statement updates previous recommendations with new evidence on the prevention, assessment, and treatment of neonatal procedural pain.

Purpose: This statement updates previous recommendations with new evidence on the prevention, assessment, and treatment of neonatal procedural pain.

Clinical Practice Guideline: Pain-Less Practice: Techniques to Reduce Procedural Pain and Anxiety in Pediatric Acute Care  (2017)

Clinical Practice Guideline: Pain-Less Practice: Techniques to Reduce Procedural Pain and Anxiety in Pediatric Acute Care

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Olsen, K, Weinberg, E

Olsen, K, Weinberg, E

Purpose: This article introduces the concept of a PainLESS Practicean evidence-based, tiered approach to procedural pain and anxiety management in acute care

Purpose: This article introduces the concept of a PainLESS Practicean evidence-based, tiered approach to procedural pain and anxiety management in acute care

Clinical Practice Guideline: Needle-Related or Minor Procedural Pain in Pediatric Patients  (2019)

Clinical Practice Guideline: Needle-Related or Minor Procedural Pain in Pediatric Patients

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ENA Clinical Practice Guideline Committee; ENA Board of Directors Liaisons:; Methodologist:; Staff Liaisons:; Administrative Staff:

ENA Clinical Practice Guideline Committee; ENA Board of Directors Liaisons:; ...

Summaries of systematic reviews

Cochrane Summary: Psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents  (2018)

Cochrane Summary: Psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents

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Birnie KA, Noel M, Chambers CT, Uman LS, Parker JA

Birnie KA, Noel M, Chambers CT, Uman LS, Parker JA

To assess the efficacy of psychological interventions for needlerelated procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents.

To assess the efficacy of psychological interventions for needlerelated procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents.

Cochrane Summary: Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates  (2012)

Cochrane Summary: Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates

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Shah PS, Herbozo C, Aliwalas LL, Shah VS

Shah PS, Herbozo C, Aliwalas LL, Shah VS

Breastfeeding provides pain relief for newborn babies undergoing painful procedures. Medicine for pain relief is commonly given for major painful procedures, but may not be given for minor painful procedures such as blood sampling (by heel prick orvenepun

Breastfeeding provides pain relief for newborn babies undergoing painful procedures. Medicine for pain relief is commonly given for major painful procedures, but may not be given for minor painful procedures such as blood sampling (by heel prick orvenepun

Cochrane Summary: Skin-to-skin care with newborns cuts down procedural pain  (2017)

Cochrane Summary: Skin-to-skin care with newborns cuts down procedural pain

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Johnston C, Campbell-Yeo M, Disher T, Benoit B, Fernandes A, Streiner D, Inglis D, Zee R

Johnston C, Campbell-Yeo M, Disher T, Benoit B, Fernandes A, Streiner D, Ingl...

The primary objectives were to determine the effect of SSC alone on pain from medical or nursing procedures in neonates compared to no intervention, sucrose or other analgesics, or additions to simple SSC such as rocking; and to determine the effects of t

The primary objectives were to determine the effect of SSC alone on pain from medical or nursing procedures in neonates compared to no intervention, sucrose or other analgesics, or additions to simple SSC such as rocking; and to determine the effects of t

Cochrane Overview: The Cochrane Library and procedural pain in children: an overview of reviews  (2012)

Cochrane Overview: The Cochrane Library and procedural pain in children: an overview of reviews

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Curtis S, Wingert A, Ali S

Curtis S, Wingert A, Ali S

Objective: To summarize Cochrane reviews assessing the effects of various interventions used for pain in non-neonatal children undergoing painful medical procedures.

Objective: To summarize Cochrane reviews assessing the effects of various interventions used for pain in non-neonatal children undergoing painful medical procedures.

Cochrane Summary: Nonpharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain  (2015)

Cochrane Summary: Nonpharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain

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Pillai Riddell RR, Racine NM, Gennis HG, Turcotte K, Uman LS, Horton RE, Ahola Kohut S, Hillgrove Stuart J, Stevens B, Lisi DM

Pillai Riddell RR, Racine NM, Gennis HG, Turcotte K, Uman LS, Horton RE, Ahol...

We examined 13 different types of commonly investigated non-pharmacological treatments (excluding breastmilk, sucrose, and music) to determine theirefficacyfor pain reactions after an acutely painful procedure (right after the needle ('pain reactivity') a

We examined 13 different types of commonly investigated non-pharmacological treatments (excluding breastmilk, sucrose, and music) to determine theirefficacyfor pain reactions after an acutely painful procedure (right after the needle ('pain reactivity') a

Systematic reviews

Systematic Review: Hematoma block or procedural sedation and analgesia, which is the most effective method of anesthesia in reduction of displaced distal radius fracture?  (2018)

Systematic Review: Hematoma block or procedural sedation and analgesia, which is the most effective method of anesthesia in reduction of displaced distal radius fracture?

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Tseng, PT, Leu, TH, Chen, YW and Chen, YP

Tseng, PT, Leu, TH, Chen, YW and Chen, YP

The aim of this study was to compare HB and PSA for adult and pediatric patients during reduction of displaced distal radius fracture to identify the level of pain relief, frequency of adverse effects (AEs), and reduction failure.

The aim of this study was to compare HB and PSA for adult and pediatric patients during reduction of displaced distal radius fracture to identify the level of pain relief, frequency of adverse effects (AEs), and reduction failure.

Intranasal drugs for analgesia and sedation in children admitted to pediatric emergency department: a narrative review  (2021)

Intranasal drugs for analgesia and sedation in children admitted to pediatric emergency department: a narrative review

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Pansini V, Curatola A, Gatto A, Lazzareschi I, Ruggiero A, Chiaretti A.

Pansini V, Curatola A, Gatto A, Lazzareschi I, Ruggiero A, Chiaretti A.

Acute pain is one of the most common symptoms in children admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) and its management represents a real clinical challenge for pediatricians.

Acute pain is one of the most common symptoms in children admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) and its management represents a real clinical challenge for pediatricians.

Cochrane Systematic Review: Non-pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain

Cochrane Systematic Review: Non-pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain

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Pillai Riddell RR, Racine NM, Turcotte K, Uman LS, Horton RE, Din Osmun L, Ahola Kohut S, Hillgrove Stuart J, Stevens B, Gerwitz-Stern A

Pillai Riddell RR, Racine NM, Turcotte K, Uman LS, Horton RE, Din Osmun L, A...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for infant and child (up to three years) acute pain, excluding breastmilk, sucrose, and music. Analyses accounted for infant age (preterm, neonate, older) and pain response (pain reactivity, pain-related regulation).

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for infant and child (up to three years) acute pain, excluding breastmilk, sucrose, and music. Analyses accounted for infant age (preterm, neonate, older) and pain response (pain reactivity, pain-related regulation).

Cochrane Systematic Review: Sweet-tasting solutions for needle-related procedural pain in infants one month to one year of age

Cochrane Systematic Review: Sweet-tasting solutions for needle-related procedural pain in infants one month to one year of age

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Kassab M, Foster JP, Foureur M, Fowler C

Kassab M, Foster JP, Foureur M, Fowler C

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of sweet-tasting solutions for needle-related procedural pain in infants one month to one year of age compared with no treatment, placebo, other sweet-tasting solutions, or pharmacological or other non-pharmacological pain-relieving methods.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of sweet-tasting solutions for needle-related procedural pain in infants one month to one year of age compared with no treatment, placebo, other sweet-tasting solutions, or pharmacological or other non-pharmacological pain-relieving methods.

Systematic Review: Pediatric clinical practice guidelines for acute procedural pain: a systematic review  (2014)

Systematic Review: Pediatric clinical practice guidelines for acute procedural pain: a systematic review

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Lee GY, Yamada J, Kyololo O, Shorkey A, Stevens B

Lee GY, Yamada J, Kyololo O, Shorkey A, Stevens B

Objective: To systematically review the quality of existing practice guidelines for acute procedural pain in children and provide recommendations for their use.

Objective: To systematically review the quality of existing practice guidelines for acute procedural pain in children and provide recommendations for their use.

Cochrane Systematic Review: Psychological interventions for needlerelated procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents  (2018)

Cochrane Systematic Review: Psychological interventions for needlerelated procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents

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BirnieKA, NoelM, ChambersCT, UmanLS, ParkerJA

BirnieKA, NoelM, ChambersCT, UmanLS, ParkerJA

Objectives: To provide an update to our 2006 review assessing the efficacy of psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents.

Objectives: To provide an update to our 2006 review assessing the efficacy of psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents.

Cochrane Systematic Review: Sweet-tasting solutions for needle-related procedural pain in infants one month to one year of age  (2012)

Cochrane Systematic Review: Sweet-tasting solutions for needle-related procedural pain in infants one month to one year of age

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Kassab M, Foster JP, Foureur M, Fowler C

Kassab M, Foster JP, Foureur M, Fowler C

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of sweet-tasting solutions for needle-related procedural pain in infants one month to one year of age compared with no treatment, placebo, other sweet-tasting solutions, or pharmacological or other non-pharmacolo

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of sweet-tasting solutions for needle-related procedural pain in infants one month to one year of age compared with no treatment, placebo, other sweet-tasting solutions, or pharmacological or other non-pharmacolo

Cochrane Systematic Review: Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates  (2012)

Cochrane Systematic Review: Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates

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Shah PS, Herbozo C, Aliwalas LL, Shah VS

Shah PS, Herbozo C, Aliwalas LL, Shah VS

Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of breastfeeding or supplemental breast milk in reducing procedural pain in neonates. The secondary objective was to conduct subgroup analyses based on the type of control intervention, g

Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of breastfeeding or supplemental breast milk in reducing procedural pain in neonates. The secondary objective was to conduct subgroup analyses based on the type of control intervention, g

Cochrane Systematic Review: Sweet tasting solutions for reduction of needle-related procedural pain in children aged one to 16 years  (2011)

Cochrane Systematic Review: Sweet tasting solutions for reduction of needle-related procedural pain in children aged one to 16 years

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Harrison D, Yamada J, Adams-Webber T, Ohlsson A, Beyene J, Stevens B

Harrison D, Yamada J, Adams-Webber T, Ohlsson A, Beyene J, Stevens B

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of sweet tasting solutions or substances for reducing needle-related procedural pain in children beyond one year of age.

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of sweet tasting solutions or substances for reducing needle-related procedural pain in children beyond one year of age.

Cochrane Systematic Review: Non-pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain  (2011)

Cochrane Systematic Review: Non-pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain

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Pillai Riddell RR, Racine NM, Turcotte K, Uman LS, Horton RE, Din Osmun L, Ahola Kohut S, Hillgrove Stuart J, Stevens B, Gerwitz-Stern A

Pillai Riddell RR, Racine NM, Turcotte K, Uman LS, Horton RE, Din Osmun L, Ah...

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for infant and child (up to three years) acute pain, excluding breastmilk, sucrose, and music. Analyses accounted for infant age (preterm, neonate, older) and pain response (pain reac

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for infant and child (up to three years) acute pain, excluding breastmilk, sucrose, and music. Analyses accounted for infant age (preterm, neonate, older) and pain response (pain reac

Systematic Review: Clinical efficacy of virtual reality for acute procedural pain management: A systematic review and meta-analysis  (2018)

Systematic Review: Clinical efficacy of virtual reality for acute procedural pain management: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Evelyn Chan, Samantha Foster , Ryan Sambell , Paul Leong

Evelyn Chan, Samantha Foster , Ryan Sambell , Paul Leong

There is no comprehensive, high-quality systematic review that specifically assesses the efficacy of virtual reality on acutely painful healthcare interventions, nor has there been any quantitative data synthesis on this topic. We therefore conducted a sy

There is no comprehensive, high-quality systematic review that specifically assesses the efficacy of virtual reality on acutely painful healthcare interventions, nor has there been any quantitative data synthesis on this topic. We therefore conducted a sy

Systematic Review: Sweet Solutions to Reduce Procedural Pain in Neonates: AMeta-analysis  (2017)

Systematic Review: Sweet Solutions to Reduce Procedural Pain in Neonates: AMeta-analysis

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Denise Harrison,Catherine Larocque,Mariana Bueno,Yehudis Stokes,Lucy Turner,Brian Hutton,Bonnie Stevens

Denise Harrison,Catherine Larocque,Mariana Bueno,Yehudis Stokes,Lucy Turner,B...

Objective: To review all trials evaluating sweet solutions for analgesia in neonates and to conduct cumulative meta-analyses (CMAs) on behavioral pain outcomes.

Objective: To review all trials evaluating sweet solutions for analgesia in neonates and to conduct cumulative meta-analyses (CMAs) on behavioral pain outcomes.

Cochrane Systematic Review: Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period  (2016)

Cochrane Systematic Review: Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period

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Harrison D, Reszel J, Bueno M, et al.

Harrison D, Reszel J, Bueno M, et al.

Objectives:To determine the effect of breastfeeding on procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period (first 28 days of life) up to one year of age compared to no intervention, placebo, parental holding, skin-to-skin contact, expressed breast milk,

Objectives:To determine the effect of breastfeeding on procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period (first 28 days of life) up to one year of age compared to no intervention, placebo, parental holding, skin-to-skin contact, expressed breast milk,

Cochrane Systematic Review: Nonpharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain  (2015)

Cochrane Systematic Review: Nonpharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain

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Pillai RiddellRR, RacineNM, GennisHG, TurcotteK, UmanLS, HortonRE, Ahola KohutS, Hillgrove StuartJ, StevensB, LisiDM

Pillai RiddellRR, RacineNM, GennisHG, TurcotteK, UmanLS, HortonRE, Ahola Kohu...

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for infant and child (up to three years) acute pain, excluding breastmilk, sucrose, and music. Analyses accounted for infant age (preterm, neonate, older) and pain response (pain reac

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for infant and child (up to three years) acute pain, excluding breastmilk, sucrose, and music. Analyses accounted for infant age (preterm, neonate, older) and pain response (pain reac

Cochrane Systematic Review: Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia for preventing chronic pain after surgery

Cochrane Systematic Review: Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia for preventing chronic pain after surgery

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Andreae MH, Andreae DA

Andreae MH, Andreae DA

OBJECTIVES: To compare local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for the prevention of persistent pain six or 12 months after surgery.

OBJECTIVES: To compare local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for the prevention of persistent pain six or 12 months after surgery.

Cochrane Systematic Review: Topical anaesthetics for repair of dermal laceration

Cochrane Systematic Review: Topical anaesthetics for repair of dermal laceration

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Eidelman A, Weiss JM, Baldwin CL, Enu IK, McNicol ED, Carr DB

Eidelman A, Weiss JM, Baldwin CL, Enu IK, McNicol ED, Carr DB

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of infiltrated local anaesthetics with those of topical local anaesthetics for repair of dermal lacerations and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various single or multi-component topical anaesthetics to identify cocaine-free topically applied local anaesthetics that may provide equivalent analgesia to those containing cocaine.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of infiltrated local anaesthetics with those of topical local anaesthetics for repair of dermal lacerations and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various single or multi-component topical anaesthetics to identify cocaine-free topically applied local anaesthetics that may provide equivalent analgesia to those containing cocaine.

Cochrane Systematic Review: EMLA and Amethocaine for reduction of children's pain associated with needle insertion

Cochrane Systematic Review: EMLA and Amethocaine for reduction of children's pain associated with needle insertion

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Lander JA, Weltman BJ, So SS

Lander JA, Weltman BJ, So SS

OBJECTIVES: To compare the topical anaesthetics amethocaine and an eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA) in terms of anaesthetic efficacy, ease of needle insertion and adverse events when used for intravenous cannulation and venipuncture in children.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the topical anaesthetics amethocaine and an eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA) in terms of anaesthetic efficacy, ease of needle insertion and adverse events when used for intravenous cannulation and venipuncture in children.

Cochrane Systematic Review: Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome

Cochrane Systematic Review: Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome

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Stanton TR, Wand BM, Carr DB, Birklein F, Wasner GL, O'Connell NE

Stanton TR, Wand BM, Carr DB, Birklein F, Wasner GL, O'Connell NE

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of LASB for the treatment of pain in CRPS and to evaluate the incidence of adverse effects of the procedure.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of LASB for the treatment of pain in CRPS and to evaluate the incidence of adverse effects of the procedure.

Key studies

Key Study: Procedural Sedation With Ketamine Versus Propofol for Closed Reduction of Pediatric Both Bone Forearm Fractures  (2017)

Key Study: Procedural Sedation With Ketamine Versus Propofol for Closed Reduction of Pediatric Both Bone Forearm Fractures

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Morrison T, Carender C, Kilbane B, Liu RW

Morrison T, Carender C, Kilbane B, Liu RW

The current study was conducted to answer 2 questions for pediatric both bone forearm fractures treated with closed reduction with either ketamine or propofol procedural sedation : 1) Is there a difference in the rate of unacceptable alignment 4 weeks after reduction? 2) Is there a difference in the rates of major sedation-related complications?

The current study was conducted to answer 2 questions for pediatric both bone forearm fractures treated with closed reduction with either ketamine or propofol procedural sedation : 1) Is there a difference in the rate of unacceptable alignment 4 weeks after reduction? 2) Is there a difference in the rates of major sedation-related complications?

Key Study: Desaturation in procedural sedation for children with long bone fractures: Does weight status matter?  (2017)

Key Study: Desaturation in procedural sedation for children with long bone fractures: Does weight status matter?

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Hirsch, D G, Tyo, J and Wrotniak, B H

Hirsch, D G, Tyo, J and Wrotniak, B H

The objective of our study was to determine if overweight and obesity were associated with increased desaturations during procedural sedation compared with patients of healthy weight.

The objective of our study was to determine if overweight and obesity were associated with increased desaturations during procedural sedation compared with patients of healthy weight.

Key Study: Behavioral Changes in Children After Emergency Department Procedural Sedation  (2018)

Key Study: Behavioral Changes in Children After Emergency Department Procedural Sedation

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Pearce, J I, Brousseau, D C, Yan, K, Hainsworth, K R, Hoffmann, R G and Drendel, A L

Pearce, J I, Brousseau, D C, Yan, K, Hainsworth, K R, Hoffmann, R G and Drend...

The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of children undergoing procedural sedation for fracture reduction in the emergency department (ED) observed to experience negative postdischarge behaviors. Predictors of negative behaviors were evaluated, including anxiety.

The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of children undergoing procedural sedation for fracture reduction in the emergency department (ED) observed to experience negative postdischarge behaviors. Predictors of negative behaviors were evaluated, including anxiety.

Key Study: Etomidate Versus Ketamine: Effective Use in Emergency Procedural Sedation for Pediatric Orthopedic Injuries  (2016)

Key Study: Etomidate Versus Ketamine: Effective Use in Emergency Procedural Sedation for Pediatric Orthopedic Injuries

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Disel, N R, Yilmaz, H L, Sertdemir, Y, Yesilagac, H and Avci, A

Disel, N R, Yilmaz, H L, Sertdemir, Y, Yesilagac, H and Avci, A

The aim of this study was to compare the induction and recovery times, postsedation observation durations, and adverse effects of etomidate and ketamine in pediatric patients with fractures and/or dislocations requiring closed reduction in the emergency department.

The aim of this study was to compare the induction and recovery times, postsedation observation durations, and adverse effects of etomidate and ketamine in pediatric patients with fractures and/or dislocations requiring closed reduction in the emergency department.

Key Study: The emerging use of ketamine for anesthesia and sedation in traumatic brain injuries  (2013)

Key Study: The emerging use of ketamine for anesthesia and sedation in traumatic brain injuries

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Chang LC, Raty SR, Ortiz J, Bailard NS, Mathew SJ

Chang LC, Raty SR, Ortiz J, Bailard NS, Mathew SJ

This article reviews the current literature in regards to using ketamine inpatientswith traumatic brain injuries in different clinical settings associated with anesthesia, as well as reviews the potential mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of ketamine.

This article reviews the current literature in regards to using ketamine inpatientswith traumatic brain injuries in different clinical settings associated with anesthesia, as well as reviews the potential mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of ketamine.

Key Study: Success rate of pneumatic reduction of intussusception with and without sedation  (2017)

Key Study: Success rate of pneumatic reduction of intussusception with and without sedation

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Feldman O, Weiser G, Hanna M, Devir O, Balla U, Johnson DW, Kozer E, Shavit I

Feldman O, Weiser G, Hanna M, Devir O, Balla U, Johnson DW, Kozer E, Shavit I

The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate of pneumatic reduction of intussusception with and without sedation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate of pneumatic reduction of intussusception with and without sedation.

Key Study: Hematoma block versus sedation for the reduction of distal radius fractures in children  (2015)

Key Study: Hematoma block versus sedation for the reduction of distal radius fractures in children

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Bear, DM, Friel, NA, Lupo, CL, Pitetti, R and Ward, WT

Bear, DM, Friel, NA, Lupo, CL, Pitetti, R and Ward, WT

To determine which mode of anesthesia, hematoma block (HB) or procedural sedation (PS), was preferable for distal radius fracture (DRF) reduction in children.

To determine which mode of anesthesia, hematoma block (HB) or procedural sedation (PS), was preferable for distal radius fracture (DRF) reduction in children.

Key Study: Conscious sedation and reduction of fractures in the paediatric population: an orthopaedic perspective  (2019)

Key Study: Conscious sedation and reduction of fractures in the paediatric population: an orthopaedic perspective

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Yang, B W and Waters, P M

Yang, B W and Waters, P M

This study describes the epidemiology and outcomes associated with fracture conscious sedation and reduction in a level I paediatric ED.

This study describes the epidemiology and outcomes associated with fracture conscious sedation and reduction in a level I paediatric ED.

Key Study: Parent and provider perspectives on procedural care for children with autism spectrum disorders  (2014)

Key Study: Parent and provider perspectives on procedural care for children with autism spectrum disorders

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Davignon MN, Friedlaender E, Cronholm PF, Paciotti B, Levy SE

Davignon MN, Friedlaender E, Cronholm PF, Paciotti B, Levy SE

The aim of this study was to identify parent and provider perspectives on barriers and facilitators to procedural care for children with autism spectrum disorders.

The aim of this study was to identify parent and provider perspectives on barriers and facilitators to procedural care for children with autism spectrum disorders.

Other

Emergency Medicine Cases Podcast: Pediatric Procedural Sedation (2016)  (2023)

Emergency Medicine Cases Podcast: Pediatric Procedural Sedation (2016)

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Dr. Amy Drendel

Dr. Amy Drendel

Episode 76: Join Dr. Amy Drendel, a world leader in pediatric pain management and procedural sedation research, as she discusses how best to manage pain and anxiety in

Episode 76: Join Dr. Amy Drendel, a world leader in pediatric pain management and procedural sedation research, as she discusses how best to manage pain and anxiety in

Resource - Acute Procedural Pain Toolkits  (2016)

Resource - Acute Procedural Pain Toolkits

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Canadian Association of Paediatric Health Centres Pain Community of Practice

Canadian Association of Paediatric Health Centres Pain Community of Practice

These Toolkits are a resource for clinicians who work with children that may experience acute procedural pain and support moving best practice recommendations into practice. Based on the best research evidence and clinical practice, these Toolkits

These Toolkits are a resource for clinicians who work with children that may experience acute procedural pain and support moving best practice recommendations into practice. Based on the best research evidence and clinical practice, these Toolkits

Video: Managing Procedural Anxiety in Children  (2016)

Video: Managing Procedural Anxiety in Children

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Krauss BS, Krauss BA, Green SM.

Krauss BS, Krauss BA, Green SM.

This video describes the signs of acute anxiety in children and demonstrates approaches to interacting with children that minimize anxiety and maximize cooperation. Published: April 2016.

This video describes the signs of acute anxiety in children and demonstrates approaches to interacting with children that minimize anxiety and maximize cooperation. Published: April 2016.

Randomized clinical trial comparing intravenous midazolam and droperidol for sedation of the acutely agitated patient in the emergency department  (2006)

Randomized clinical trial comparing intravenous midazolam and droperidol for sedation of the acutely agitated patient in the emergency department

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Knott, J. C., D. M. Taylor and D. J. Castle

Knott, J. C., D. M. Taylor and D. J. Castle

Comparison of the safety and efficacy of ketamine versus olanzapine for sedation of violent agitated patients in a community emergency department  (2012)

Comparison of the safety and efficacy of ketamine versus olanzapine for sedation of violent agitated patients in a community emergency department

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Hibbs, N. T., S. E. Kirby and C. S. Seitz

Hibbs, N. T., S. E. Kirby and C. S. Seitz

Ketamine sedation for patients with acute agitation and psychiatric illness requiring aeromedical retrieval  (2012)

Ketamine sedation for patients with acute agitation and psychiatric illness requiring aeromedical retrieval

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Le Cong, M., B. Gynther, E. Hunter and P. Schuller

Le Cong, M., B. Gynther, E. Hunter and P. Schuller

Prehospital sedation with intramuscular droperidol: A one-year pilot  (2001)

Prehospital sedation with intramuscular droperidol: A one-year pilot

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Hick, J. L., B. D. Mahoney and M. Lappe

Hick, J. L., B. D. Mahoney and M. Lappe

Randomized clinical trial comparing intravenous midazolam and droperidol for sedation of the acutely agitated patient in the emergency department  (2006)

Randomized clinical trial comparing intravenous midazolam and droperidol for sedation of the acutely agitated patient in the emergency department

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Knott, J. C., D. M. Taylor and D. J. Castle

Knott, J. C., D. M. Taylor and D. J. Castle

An Evidence-Based Approach to Minimizing Acute Procedural Pain in the Emergency Department and Beyond. Pediatr Emerg Care 2016;32(1):36-42.  (2016)

An Evidence-Based Approach to Minimizing Acute Procedural Pain in the Emergency Department and Beyond. Pediatr Emerg Care 2016;32(1):36-42.

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Ali S, McGrath T, Drendel AL

Ali S, McGrath T, Drendel AL

Objective: This review article aims to provide a summary of several strategies, which are supported by definitive and systematically reviewed evidence, that can be implemented alone or in combination to reduce procedural pain and anxiety for children in t

Objective: This review article aims to provide a summary of several strategies, which are supported by definitive and systematically reviewed evidence, that can be implemented alone or in combination to reduce procedural pain and anxiety for children in t

Sucrose as a procedural analgesic for infants up to 12 months of age  (2011)

Sucrose as a procedural analgesic for infants up to 12 months of age

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BC Children's Hospital

BC Children's Hospital

Purpose: Oral sucrose and other sweet tasting solutions have been used for management of pain in infants for centuries. Studies done since the early 1990's have demonstrated that the administration of sucrose and non-nutritive sucking are effective non

Purpose: Oral sucrose and other sweet tasting solutions have been used for management of pain in infants for centuries. Studies done since the early 1990's have demonstrated that the administration of sucrose and non-nutritive sucking are effective non

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