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Flow diagram for the management of children with suspected and confirmed acute otitis media
Le Saux N, Robinson JL, Canadian Paediatric Society, Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee
Le Saux N, Robinson JL, Canadian Paediatric Society, Infectious Diseases and ...
Flow chart of criteria for management of children with suspected and confirmed acute otitis media based on symptoms of children over 6 months of age.
Flow chart of criteria for management of children with suspected and confirmed acute otitis media based on symptoms of children over 6 months of age.
Videos in clinical medicine. Diagnosing otitis media--otoscopy and cerumen removal
Shaikh N, Hoberman A, Kaleida PH, Ploof DL, Paradise JL
Shaikh N, Hoberman A, Kaleida PH, Ploof DL, Paradise JL
Video instructing how to diagnose otitis media with otoscopy and cerum removal.
Video instructing how to diagnose otitis media with otoscopy and cerum removal.
Acute Otitis Media- Emergency Management in Children - Flowchart
Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service
Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service
Flowchart of emergency management in children for acute otitis media.
Flowchart of emergency management in children for acute otitis media.
Bottom Line Recommendations: Acute Otitis Media (2022)
Dr. Nicole Le Saux
Dr. Nicole Le Saux
Bottom line recommendations for the treatment of acute otitis media. Published online November (2022).
Bottom line recommendations for the treatment of acute otitis media. Published online November (2022).
Clinical Practice Guideline: Management of otitis media with effusion in children. Socit franc aise dORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale clinical practice guidelines
Blanc, F. et al.
Blanc, F. et al.
Objective: The Socit franaise dORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale clinical practice guidelines concern the management of otitis media with effusion (OME) in children under the age of 12 years. They are based on extensive review of MEDLINE and Cochrane Library publications in English or French from 1996 to 2016 concerning the methods of diagnosis and assessment of otitis media with effusion, as well as the efficacy of tympanostomy tubes and medical and surgical treatments of OME.
Objective: The Socit franaise dORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale clinical practice guidelines concern the management of otitis media with effusion (OME) in children under the age of 12 years. They are based on extensive review of MEDLINE and Cochrane Library publications in English or French from 1996 to 2016 concerning the methods of diagnosis and assessment of otitis media with effusion, as well as the efficacy of tympanostomy tubes and medical and surgical treatments of OME.
Clinical Practice Guideline: Acute otitis media - Emergency management in children
Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service
Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service
Children's Health Queensland Statewide Paediatric Guideline for emergency management of acute otitis media in children.
Children's Health Queensland Statewide Paediatric Guideline for emergency management of acute otitis media in children.
Clinical Practice Guideline: Otitis media (acute): antimicrobial prescribing
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) NICE Guideline
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) NICE Guideline
Objective: This guideline sets out an antimicrobial prescribing strategy for acute otitis media (ear infection). aims to limit antibiotic use and reduce antimicrobial resistance.
Objective: This guideline sets out an antimicrobial prescribing strategy for acute otitis media (ear infection). aims to limit antibiotic use and reduce antimicrobial resistance.
Clinical Practice Guideline: The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media
Lieberthal AS, Carroll AE, Chonmaitree T, Ganiats TG, Hoberman A, Jackson MA, Joffe MD, Miller DT, Rosenfeld RM, Sevilla XD, Schwartz RH, Thomas PA, Tunkel DE
Lieberthal AS, Carroll AE, Chonmaitree T, Ganiats TG, Hoberman A, Jackson MA,...
Evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American Academy of Family Physicians.
Evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American Academy of Family Physicians.
Clinical Practice Guideline: Management of acute otitis media in children six months of age and older
Le Saux N, Robinson JL, Canadian Paediatric Society, Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee
Le Saux N, Robinson JL, Canadian Paediatric Society, Infectious Diseases and ...
Canadian Paediatric Society position statement on the management of acute otitis media in children aged 6 months and older.
Canadian Paediatric Society position statement on the management of acute otitis media in children aged 6 months and older.
Clinical Practice Guideline: Danish guidelines on management of otitis media in preschool children
Heidemann CH, Lous J, Berg J, Christensen JJ, Hkonsen SJ, Jakobsen M, Johansen CJ, Nielsen LH, Hansen MP, Poulsen A, Schousboe LP, Skrubbeltrang C, Vind AB, ...
Heidemann CH, Lous J, Berg J, Christensen JJ, Hkonsen SJ, Jakobsen M, Johanse...
The Danish Health and Medicines Authority and the Danish Society of Otorhinolaryngology guidelines regarding the diagnostic criteria for acute otitis media and surgical treatment of recurrent AOM and chronic OME in preschool children.
The Danish Health and Medicines Authority and the Danish Society of Otorhinolaryngology guidelines regarding the diagnostic criteria for acute otitis media and surgical treatment of recurrent AOM and chronic OME in preschool children.
Clinical Practice Guideline: Acute Otitis Media
The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne
The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne
Guideline on the assessment and management of acute otitis media in children
Guideline on the assessment and management of acute otitis media in children
Clinical Practice Guideline: Diagnosis and management of Pediatric Acute Otitis Media (Ear Infection)
Intermountain Healthcare
Intermountain Healthcare
Objective: This CPM provides best-practice recommendations for diagnosis and management of acute otitis media (AOM), including guidance for appropriate use of antibiotics.
Objective: This CPM provides best-practice recommendations for diagnosis and management of acute otitis media (AOM), including guidance for appropriate use of antibiotics.
Clinical Practice Guideline: Resuscitation of blue baby and the use of prostaglandins
Linney M, Gnapragassam J, Wilson P, Rodd I
Linney M, Gnapragassam J, Wilson P, Rodd I
This document relates to the acute management of infants presenting acutely with collapse and/or cyanosis suggestive of congenital heart defect.
This document relates to the acute management of infants presenting acutely with collapse and/or cyanosis suggestive of congenital heart defect.
Cochrane Summary: Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion ('glue ear') in children
Venekamp RP, Burton MJ, van Dongen TM, van der Heijden GJ, van Zon A, Schilder AG
Venekamp RP, Burton MJ, van Dongen TM, van der Heijden GJ, van Zon A, Schilde...
Objective: To assess the benefits and harms of oral antibiotics in children up to 18 years with OME.
Objective: To assess the benefits and harms of oral antibiotics in children up to 18 years with OME.
Cochrane Summary: Influenza vaccine for preventing acute otitis media (middle ear infection)
Norhayati MN, Ho JJ, Azman MY
Norhayati MN, Ho JJ, Azman MY
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in reducing the occurrence of acute otitis media in infants and children.
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in reducing the occurrence of acute otitis media in infants and children.
Evidence Summary: Are topical antibiotics an alternative to oral antibiotics for children with acute otitis media and ear discharge?
Venekamp RP, Prasad V, Hay AD
Venekamp RP, Prasad V, Hay AD
Objective: To review the evidence comparing efectiveness of topical antibiotics with oral antibiotics, placebo, or no treatment in children with AOM presenting with ear discharge caused by spontaneous perforation of the eardrum.
Objective: To review the evidence comparing efectiveness of topical antibiotics with oral antibiotics, placebo, or no treatment in children with AOM presenting with ear discharge caused by spontaneous perforation of the eardrum.
Cochrane Systematic Review: Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion in children
van Zon A, van der Heijden GJ, van Dongen TM, Burton MJ, Schilder AG
van Zon A, van der Heijden GJ, van Dongen TM, Burton MJ, Schilder AG
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of antibiotics in children up to 18 years with OME.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of antibiotics in children up to 18 years with OME.
Cochrane Systematic Review: Antihistamines and/or decongestants for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children
Griffin G, Flynn CA
Griffin G, Flynn CA
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to determine whether antihistamine, decongestant or combination therapy is effective in treating children who present with OME.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to determine whether antihistamine, decongestant or combination therapy is effective in treating children who present with OME.
Cochrane Systematic Review: Identification of children in the first four years of life for early treatment for otitis media with effusion
Simpson SA, Thomas CL, van der Linden MK, Macmillan H, van der Wouden JC, Butler C
Simpson SA, Thomas CL, van der Linden MK, Macmillan H, van der Wouden JC, Bu...
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to assess evidence from randomised controlled trials about the effect, on language and behavioural outcomes, of screening and treating children with clinically important OME in the first four years of their life. The focus was on the first four years of life because this is the time of most rapid language development. The consequences of hearing loss are likely to be most serious during this time. In addition, children of this age are least likely to be able to report or seek help for impaired hearing, particularly if these problems have a slow onset and are subtle.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to assess evidence from randomised controlled trials about the effect, on language and behavioural outcomes, of screening and treating children with clinically important OME in the first four years of their life. The focus was on the first four years of life because this is the time of most rapid language development. The consequences of hearing loss are likely to be most serious during this time. In addition, children of this age are least likely to be able to report or seek help for impaired hearing, particularly if these problems have a slow onset and are subtle.
Cochrane Systematic Review: Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children
Simpson SA, Lewis R, van der Voort J, Butler CC
Simpson SA, Lewis R, van der Voort J, Butler CC
OBJECTIVES: To examine the evidence for treating children with hearing loss associated with OME with systemic or topical intranasal steroids.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the evidence for treating children with hearing loss associated with OME with systemic or topical intranasal steroids.
Cochrane Systematic Review: Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion in children
Venekamp RP, Burton MJ, van Dongen TM, van der Heijden GJ, van Zon A, Schilder AG
Venekamp RP, Burton MJ, van Dongen TM, van der Heijden GJ, van Zon A, Schilde...
Objective: To assess the benefits and harms of oral antibiotics in children up to 18 years with OME.
Objective: To assess the benefits and harms of oral antibiotics in children up to 18 years with OME.
Cochrane Systematic Review: Decongestants and antihistamines for acute otitis media in children
Coleman C, Moore M.
Coleman C, Moore M.
Objectives: To determine the efficacy of decongestant and antihistamine therapy in children with AOM on outcomes of AOM resolution, symptom resolution, medication side effects, and complications of AOM.
Objectives: To determine the efficacy of decongestant and antihistamine therapy in children with AOM on outcomes of AOM resolution, symptom resolution, medication side effects, and complications of AOM.
Cochrane Systematic Review: Once or twice daily versus three times daily amoxicillin with or without clavulanate for the treatment of acute otitis media
Thanaviratananich S, Laopaiboon M, Vatanasapt P.
Thanaviratananich S, Laopaiboon M, Vatanasapt P.
Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of one or two daily doses with three or four daily doses of amoxicillin, with or without clavulanate, for the treatment of AOM in children; and to compare complication rates and adverse reactions.
Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of one or two daily doses with three or four daily doses of amoxicillin, with or without clavulanate, for the treatment of AOM in children; and to compare complication rates and adverse reactions.
Cochrane Systematic Review: Short-course antibiotics for acute otitis media
Kozyrskyj A, Klassen TP, Moffatt M, Harvey K.
Kozyrskyj A, Klassen TP, Moffatt M, Harvey K.
Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of a short course of antibiotics (less than seven days) in comparison to a long course of antibiotics (seven days or greater) for the treatment of AOM in children.
Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of a short course of antibiotics (less than seven days) in comparison to a long course of antibiotics (seven days or greater) for the treatment of AOM in children.
Cochrane Systematic Review: Topical analgesia for acute otitis media
Foxlee R, Johansson A, Wejfalk J, Dawkins J, Dooley L, Del Mar C.
Foxlee R, Johansson A, Wejfalk J, Dawkins J, Dooley L, Del Mar C.
Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of topical analgesia for AOM.
Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of topical analgesia for AOM.
Cochrane Systematic Review: Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children
Venekamp RP, Sanders SL, Glasziou PP, Del Mar CB, Rovers MM
Venekamp RP, Sanders SL, Glasziou PP, Del Mar CB, Rovers MM
Objective: To assess the effects of antibiotics for children with AOM.
Objective: To assess the effects of antibiotics for children with AOM.
Cochrane Systematic Review: Antibiotics for the prevention of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media in children
Leach AJ, Morris PS
Leach AJ, Morris PS
OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of long-term antibiotics (for longer than six weeks) in preventing any AOM, AOM with perforation and C
OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of long-term antibiotics (for longer than six weeks) in preventing any AOM, AOM with perforation and C
Systematic Review: A systematic review and meta-analysis of antimicrobial resistance in paediatric acute otitis media
Michael W. Mathera, Michael Drinnana, John D. Perryc, Steven Powellb, Janet A. Wilsonb, Jason Powella
Michael W. Mathera, Michael Drinnana, John D. Perryc, Steven Powellb, Janet A...
Objective: We present a comprehensive review and meta-analysis, of both the microbiology and antimicrobial resistance of AOM organisms to commonly used antimicrobial agents, with the aim of informing responsible antimicrobial stewardship.
Objective: We present a comprehensive review and meta-analysis, of both the microbiology and antimicrobial resistance of AOM organisms to commonly used antimicrobial agents, with the aim of informing responsible antimicrobial stewardship.
Cochrane Systematic Review: Systemic corticosteroids for acute otitis media in children
Ranakusuma RW, Pitoyo Y, Safitri ED, Thorning S, Beller EM, Sastroasmoro S, Del Mar CB
Ranakusuma RW, Pitoyo Y, Safitri ED, Thorning S, Beller EM, Sastroasmoro S, D...
Objective: To assess the effects of systemic corticosteroids (oral or parenteral), with or without antibiotics, for AOM in children.
Objective: To assess the effects of systemic corticosteroids (oral or parenteral), with or without antibiotics, for AOM in children.
Cochrane Systematic Review: Influenza vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in infants and children
Norhayati MN, Ho JJ, Azman MY
Norhayati MN, Ho JJ, Azman MY
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in reducing the occurrence of acute otitis media in infants and children.
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in reducing the occurrence of acute otitis media in infants and children.
Review: Antibiotic therapy for children with acute otitis media
Sakulchit T, Goldman RD
Sakulchit T, Goldman RD
Objective: Review of AOM and the evidence regarding use of antibiotics or watchful waiting to treat children at different levels of disease severity.
Objective: Review of AOM and the evidence regarding use of antibiotics or watchful waiting to treat children at different levels of disease severity.
Cochrane Systematic Review: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alone or combined, for pain relief in acute otitis media in children
Sjoukes A, Venekamp RP, van de Pol AC, Hay AD, Little P, Schilder AG, Damoiseaux RA
Sjoukes A, Venekamp RP, van de Pol AC, Hay AD, Little P, Schilder AG, Damoise...
Objective: Our primary objective was to assess the effectiveness of paracetamol (acetaminophen) or NSAIDs, alone or combined, compared with placebo or no treatment in relieving pain in children with AOM. Our secondary objective was to assess the effectiveness of NSAIDs compared with paracetamol in children with AOM.
Objective: Our primary objective was to assess the effectiveness of paracetamol (acetaminophen) or NSAIDs, alone or combined, compared with placebo or no treatment in relieving pain in children with AOM. Our secondary objective was to assess the effectiveness of NSAIDs compared with paracetamol in children with AOM.
Cochrane Review: Probiotics for preventing acute otitis media in children
Scott AM, Clark J, Julien B, Islam F, Roos K, Grimwood K, Little P, Del Mar CB
Scott AM, Clark J, Julien B, Islam F, Roos K, Grimwood K, Little P, Del Mar CB
Objective: To assess the effects of probiotics to prevent the occurrence and reduce the severity of acute otitis media in children.
Objective: To assess the effects of probiotics to prevent the occurrence and reduce the severity of acute otitis media in children.
Cochrane Review: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children
de Svaux JLH, Venekamp RP, Lutje V, Hak E, Schilder AGM, Sanders EAM, Damoiseaux RAMJ de
de Svaux JLH, Venekamp RP, Lutje V, Hak E, Schilder AGM, Sanders EAM, Damoise...
Objective: To assess the effect of PCVs in preventing AOM in children up to 12 years of age.
Objective: To assess the effect of PCVs in preventing AOM in children up to 12 years of age.
Systematic Review: Clinical practice guidelines for acute otitis media in children: a systematic review and appraisal of European national guidelines
Suzuki, H.G. et al.
Suzuki, H.G. et al.
Objective: To appraise European guidelines for acute otitis media (AOM) in children, including methodological quality, level of evidence (LoE), astrength of recommendations (SoR), and consideration of antibiotic stewardship
Objective: To appraise European guidelines for acute otitis media (AOM) in children, including methodological quality, level of evidence (LoE), astrength of recommendations (SoR), and consideration of antibiotic stewardship
Key study: Symptomatic and asymptomatic respiratory viral infections in the first year of life: association with acute otitis media development
Chonmaitree T, Alvarez-Fernandez P, Jennings K, Trujillo R, Marom T, Loeffelholz MJ, Miller AL, McCormick DP, Patel JA, Pyles RB
Chonmaitree T, Alvarez-Fernandez P, Jennings K, Trujillo R, Marom T, Loeffelh...
Objective: This study determined the epidemiologic characteristics and etiology of asymptomatic upper respiratory tract infection in the first year of life and the association with acute otitis media complication.
Objective: This study determined the epidemiologic characteristics and etiology of asymptomatic upper respiratory tract infection in the first year of life and the association with acute otitis media complication.
Key study: Treatment of acute otitis media in children under 2 years of age
Hoberman A, Paradise JL, Rockette HE, Shaikh N, Wald ER, Kearney DH, Colborn DK, Kurs-Lasky M, Bhatnagar S, Haralam MA, Zoffel LM, Jenkins C, Pope MA, Balent...
Hoberman A, Paradise JL, Rockette HE, Shaikh N, Wald ER, Kearney DH, Colborn ...
Objective: We undertook this clinical trial to determine the extent to which antimicrobial treatment affects the course of both symptoms and signs of acute otitis media, irrespective of the apparent severity of the disease, among children 6 to 23 months of age in whom the diagnosis of acute otitis media is quite certain.
Objective: We undertook this clinical trial to determine the extent to which antimicrobial treatment affects the course of both symptoms and signs of acute otitis media, irrespective of the apparent severity of the disease, among children 6 to 23 months of age in whom the diagnosis of acute otitis media is quite certain.
Key study: A placebo-controlled trial of antimicrobial treatment for acute otitis media
Thtinen PA, Laine MK, Huovinen P, Jalava J, Ruuskanen O, Ruohola A
Thtinen PA, Laine MK, Huovinen P, Jalava J, Ruuskanen O, Ruohola A
Objective: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy in the age group with the highest incidence of acute otitis media. Our aim was to assess the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment for acute otitis media when strict diagnostic criteria are used and the antimicrobial coverage and dosage of the active treatment are adequate.
Objective: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy in the age group with the highest incidence of acute otitis media. Our aim was to assess the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment for acute otitis media when strict diagnostic criteria are used and the antimicrobial coverage and dosage of the active treatment are adequate.
Key study: Acute otitis media in children presenting to the emergency department: Is it diagnosed and managed appropriately?
Niroshan Balasundaram, Dung Phan, Daniel Mazzoni, Elliot Duong, Amy Sweeny, Chris Del Mar and Gerben Keijzers
Niroshan Balasundaram, Dung Phan, Daniel Mazzoni, Elliot Duong, Amy Sweeny, C...
Objective: To describe the diagnostic and management practice in children with acute otitis media (AOM) presenting to the emergency department (ED) and compare diagnosis and management against existing guidelines.
Objective: To describe the diagnostic and management practice in children with acute otitis media (AOM) presenting to the emergency department (ED) and compare diagnosis and management against existing guidelines.
Key study: Diagnostic Accuracy, Prescription Behavior, and Watchful Waiting Efficacy for Pediatric Acute Otitis Media
Brinker DL Jr, MacGeorge EL, Hackman N
Brinker DL Jr, MacGeorge EL, Hackman N
Objective: To assess the implications and recommendations to improve antibiotic stewardship through watchful waiting as an alternative to immediate antibiotic treatment in children with AOM.
Objective: To assess the implications and recommendations to improve antibiotic stewardship through watchful waiting as an alternative to immediate antibiotic treatment in children with AOM.
Key study: Optimising pain management in children with acute otitis media through a primary care-based multifaceted educational intervention: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
van Uum RT, Venekamp RP, Sjoukes A, van de Pol AC, de Wit GA, Schilder AGM, Damoiseaux RAMJ,
van Uum RT, Venekamp RP, Sjoukes A, van de Pol AC, de Wit GA, Schilder AGM, D...
Objective: We have developed a primary care-based multifaceted educational intervention to optimise pain management in children with AOM, and we trial its clinical and cost effectiveness.
Objective: We have developed a primary care-based multifaceted educational intervention to optimise pain management in children with AOM, and we trial its clinical and cost effectiveness.
Key study: Shortened Antimicrobial Treatment for Acute Otitis Media in Young Children
Hoberman A, Paradise JL, Rockette HE, Kearney DH, Bhatnagar S, Shope TR, Martin JM, Kurs-Lasky M, Copelli SJ, Colborn DK, Block SL, Labella JJ, Lynch TG, Coh...
Hoberman A, Paradise JL, Rockette HE, Kearney DH, Bhatnagar S, Shope TR, Mart...
Objective: Given methodologic limitations in available publications, we undertook the current trial involving children 6 to 23 months of age to determine whether limiting antimicrobial treatment to 5 days rather than using the standard 10-day regimen would afford equivalent outcomes and whether doing so also for subsequent episodes would lead to a reduction in the overall use of antimicrobial treatment, with a resulting reduction in the development of antimicrobial resistance.
Objective: Given methodologic limitations in available publications, we undertook the current trial involving children 6 to 23 months of age to determine whether limiting antimicrobial treatment to 5 days rather than using the standard 10-day regimen would afford equivalent outcomes and whether doing so also for subsequent episodes would lead to a reduction in the overall use of antimicrobial treatment, with a resulting reduction in the development of antimicrobial resistance.
Key study: Use of symptoms and risk factors to predict acute otitis media in infants
McCormick DP, Jennings K, Ede LC, Alvarez-Fernandez P, Patel J, Chonmaitree T
McCormick DP, Jennings K, Ede LC, Alvarez-Fernandez P, Patel J, Chonmaitree T
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of symptoms and other risk factors in predicting the presence of AOM in infants.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of symptoms and other risk factors in predicting the presence of AOM in infants.
Key Study: Invasive bacterial Infections in afebrile infants diagnosed with acute otitis media
Son H McLaren 1, Andrea T Cruz 2, Kenneth Yen, et al. Pediatrics
Son H McLaren 1, Andrea T Cruz 2, Kenneth Yen, et al. Pediatrics
Objective: to determine the prevalence of invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) and adverse events in afebrile infants with acute otitis media (AOM).
Objective: to determine the prevalence of invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) and adverse events in afebrile infants with acute otitis media (AOM).
Key Study: Anaesthetic-analgesic ear drops to reduce antibiotic consumption in children with acute otitis media: the CEDAR RCT
Hay, A.D. et al.
Hay, A.D. et al.
Objective: The Childrens Ear Pain Study (CEDAR) investigated whether or not providing anaestheticanalgesic ear drops reduced antibiotic consumption in children with AOM. Secondary objectives included pain control and cost-effectiveness.
Objective: The Childrens Ear Pain Study (CEDAR) investigated whether or not providing anaestheticanalgesic ear drops reduced antibiotic consumption in children with AOM. Secondary objectives included pain control and cost-effectiveness.