Urinary Tract Infections

Concerns regarding the quality, credibility, and applicability of recently published pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI) clinical practice guidelines have been raised due to the inconsistencies of recommendations between them. This review aimed to determine the quality of the recent clinical practice guidelines on pediatric UTI by using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument, and summarize the standard of care in diagnosis and management of pediatric UTI from the top three clinical practice guidelines.

This review presents summary recommendations for diagnosing urinary tract infection in children.

In this manuscript, the authors review the diagnosis and management of acute and recurrent urinary tract infection in the paediatric and adolescent populations.

Objectives: To systematically review studies investigating the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli in children and, when appropriate, to meta-analyse the relation between previous antibiotics prescribed in primary care and resistance.

This review discusses the management and laboratory diagnoses of urinary tract infections in children. Important factors, such as specimen collection, urinalysis interpretation, culture thresholds, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are covered.

This systematic review addressed the questions: Compared to placebo or no therapy, did probiotics (any formulation) provide a therapeutic advantage in terms of morbidity and mortality, when used to prevent UTI in susceptible patient populations? Compared to other prophylactic interventions, including drug and non-drug measures (e.g. continuous antibiotic prophylaxis, topical oestrogen, cranberry juice), did probiotics (any formulation) provide a therapeutic advantage in terms of morbidity and mortality when used to prevent UTIs in susceptible patient populations?

The objectives of this review were to 1) determine whether procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate can replace the acute DMSA scan in the diagnostic evaluation of children with urinary tract infections; 2) assess the influence of patient and study characteristics on the diagnostic accuracy of these tests, and 3) compare the performance of the three tests to each other.

The objectives of this review were to evaluate the benefits and harms of antibiotics used to treat children with acute pyelonephritis. The aspects of therapy considered were 1) different antibiotics, 2) different dosing regimens of the same antibiotic, 3) different duration of treatment, and 4) different routes of administration.

The authors review both early and emerging literature to examine the utility and efficacy of early identification and treatment of urinary tract infection in children younger than 24 months.

This review aims to summarise the benefits and harms of antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children.

This report was developed to inform the revised, evidence-based, clinical guideline regarding the diagnosis and management of initial urinary tract infections in febrile infants and young children, 2 to 24 months of age, from the American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection.

The objectives of this review are to revise the American Academy of Pediatrics practice parameter regarding the diagnosis and management of initial urinary tract infections in febrile infants and young children.

The objectives of this review are to determine the efficacy and harms of long-term antibiotics to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections in children.

Rapid urine tests, such as microscopy, for bacteria and white cells, and dipsticks, for leucocyte esterase and nitrites, are often used in children that are unwell to guide early diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection. This review aimed to establish whether these tests were sufficiently sensitive to avoid urine culture in children with negative results and to compare the accuracy of dipsticks with microscopy.

This article reviews the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in infants and children.

The objectives of this systematic review are to determine the diagnostic accuracy of tests for detecting urinary tract infection (UTI) in children under 5 years of age and to evaluate the effectiveness of tests used to investigate further children with confirmed UTI. Also, to evaluate the effectiveness of following up children with UTI and the cost-effectiveness of diagnostic and imaging tests for the diagnosis and follow-up of UTI in children under 5. An additional objective was to develop a preliminary diagnostic algorithm for healthcare professionals.

This systematic review was conducted to determine the diagnostic accuracy of rapid tests for detecting urinary tract infection in children under five years of age.

The objective of this review was to assess the benefits and harms of short-course (2-4 days) compared to standard duration (7-14 days) oral antibiotic treatment for acute urinary tract infection in children.