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User can click on icon to access the healthcare worker resources page.",{"edges":549},[550,553,556,558,561,564,567,570,573,575,578,581,584,587,589,591,593,595,597,600,603,606,609,611,613,615,618,620,623,626,628,630,632,635,638,640,643,646,648,650,653,656,659,662,665,667,669,671],{"node":551},{"name":552},"Procedural Anxiety and Fear",{"node":554},{"name":555},"Measles",{"node":557},{"name":172},{"node":559},{"name":560},"Agitation",{"node":562},{"name":563},"Anxiety",{"node":565},{"name":566},"Iron Deficiency Anemia",{"node":568},{"name":569},"Influenza",{"node":571},{"name":572},"Advanced Life Support",{"node":574},{"name":53},{"node":576},{"name":577},"Migraine",{"node":579},{"name":580},"Abdominal Pain",{"node":582},{"name":583},"Pneumonia (Community Acquired)",{"node":585},{"name":586},"Chronic Pain",{"node":588},{"name":61},{"node":590},{"name":69},{"node":592},{"name":76},{"node":594},{"name":83},{"node":596},{"name":90},{"node":598},{"name":599},"COVID-19",{"node":601},{"name":602},"Cannabis",{"node":604},{"name":605},"Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities",{"node":607},{"name":608},"Child Abuse",{"node":610},{"name":97},{"node":612},{"name":104},{"node":614},{"name":111},{"node":616},{"name":617},"Critically Ill Neonate",{"node":619},{"name":119},{"node":621},{"name":622},"Eating Disorders",{"node":624},{"name":625},"Febrile Seizures",{"node":627},{"name":126},{"node":629},{"name":133},{"node":631},{"name":141},{"node":633},{"name":634},"Hand Foot and Mouth",{"node":636},{"name":637},"High Flow Nasal Cannula",{"node":639},{"name":148},{"node":641},{"name":642},"Meningitis",{"node":644},{"name":645},"Mental Health Self Assessment Tool",{"node":647},{"name":156},{"node":649},{"name":164},{"node":651},{"name":652},"Procedural Pain",{"node":654},{"name":655},"Procedural Sedation",{"node":657},{"name":658},"Sepsis",{"node":660},{"name":661},"Severe Head Injury",{"node":663},{"name":664},"Sickle Cell Disease",{"node":666},{"name":180},{"node":668},{"name":188},{"node":670},{"name":196},{"node":672},{"name":673},"Visiting the Emergency Department",{"debug":675,"queryAnalyzer":676},[],{"keys":677,"keysLength":678,"keysCount":679,"skippedKeys":680,"skippedKeysSize":681,"skippedKeysCount":681,"skippedTypes":682},"6d6b3d1b2eca580f2aae3985d71dc00ef8fba31240f69e3257cf81d43dbf639a graphql:Query list:menuitem list:audience list:topic cG9zdDoxODY4 cG9zdDo0ODU5 cG9zdDoxNjQ= cG9zdDo5NDc= cG9zdDoxNjA= cG9zdDo0NzAz cG9zdDoxNjE= cG9zdDoxNjM= cG9zdDoyMDE= cG9zdDoyMDI= cG9zdDoyMDM= cG9zdDoyMDU= cG9zdDoyMDY= cG9zdDoyMDg= cG9zdDoyNzkx cG9zdDoyMDk= cG9zdDoyMTA= cG9zdDoyNzky cG9zdDoyMTE= cG9zdDoyNzk2 cG9zdDoyNzkz cG9zdDo0NzA0 cG9zdDoyNzk3 cG9zdDoyNzk0 cG9zdDoyNzk1 cG9zdDoxOTE= cG9zdDoxOTI= cG9zdDoxOTY= cG9zdDoxOTU= cG9zdDoxOTQ= cG9zdDoxOTM= cG9zdDoxMjY= cG9zdDoxMjU= cG9zdDoxOTc= cG9zdDoxOTg= cG9zdDoxOTk= cG9zdDoyMDA= dGVybToxMDg= dGVybToyMA== dGVybTo0ODE= dGVybTo0NzY= dGVybTo0Njk= dGVybTo0NDc= dGVybTo0NTQ= dGVybTo0NTg= dGVybTo0NjE= dGVybTo0NjM= dGVybTo0NjQ= dGVybTo0NzE= dGVybTo0NzI= dGVybTo0MzI= dGVybTo0MzQ= dGVybToyMg== dGVybToyNQ== dGVybToyNw== dGVybToyOA== dGVybTozMA== dGVybTozNQ== dGVybTozMQ== dGVybTozMg== dGVybTo1OQ== dGVybTozMw== dGVybTozNA== dGVybTozNw== dGVybTozNg== dGVybTozOA== dGVybTo0MjE= dGVybToxMTQ= dGVybTo0MA== dGVybTo0MQ== dGVybTo0Mg== dGVybTo2MQ== dGVybToxMTA= dGVybTo0NA== dGVybTo0Ng== dGVybToxMDU= dGVybTo0Nw== dGVybTo0OA== dGVybTo1MQ== dGVybTo1Mg== dGVybTo1NA== dGVybTo1NQ== dGVybTo1Ng== dGVybTo1Nw== dGVybTo1OA== dGVybTo2MA== dGVybToxMDM= cG9zdDoyMzc3 cG9zdDoyMzc1",1274,94,"",0,[],{"data":684,"extensions":1051},{"topics":685},{"edges":686},[687,696,702,709,717,725,733,739,745,751,759,765,773,778,786,794,802,810,818,825,833,841,849,857,865,873,881,889,897,905,913,921,928,936,943,951,959,967,974,981,989,997,1005,1013,1021,1028,1035,1043],{"cursor":688,"node":689},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQ4MQ==",{"name":552,"slug":690,"description":691,"translations":692},"procedural-fear-and-anxiety","Anxiety and fears about medical procedures are common in children/youth: two-thirds report needle fear and 10% report needle phobia. Addressing this anxiety/fear is critical, as up to half of children seen in the Emergency Department undergo painful procedures (e.g., IVs, blood tests, catheterizations, wound repair). Procedural pain is complex, involving both physical pain and anxiety/fear. Inadequate management of either increases future anxiety and can lead to healthcare avoidance that persists into adulthood. Managing both improves procedural success and optimizes future care. ",[693],{"languageCode":694,"slug":695},"fr","peur-et-anxiete-procedurale",{"cursor":697,"node":698},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQ3Ng==",{"name":555,"slug":699,"description":700,"translations":701},"measles","Measles is a single stranded, enveloped RNA virus belonging to the Morbillivirus genus in the Paramyxoviridae family. The virus can cause a measles infection which starts in the respiratory epithelium of the nasopharynx. Measles is highly contagious.\r\n\r\nMore information coming soon. ",[],{"cursor":703,"node":704},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQ2OQ==",{"name":172,"slug":705,"description":171,"translations":706},"respiratory-distress",[707],{"languageCode":694,"slug":708},"detresse-respiratoire-fr",{"cursor":710,"node":711},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQ0Nw==",{"name":560,"slug":712,"description":713,"translations":714},"agitation","A clinical tool to guide decision-making when caring for agitated pediatric patients in emergency settings.",[715],{"languageCode":694,"slug":716},"prise-en-charge-du-patient-agite",{"cursor":718,"node":719},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQ1NA==",{"name":563,"slug":720,"description":721,"translations":722},"anxiety","Anxiety is a normal emotional and physiological response to uncomfortable, novel or frightening situations. During an emergency department (ED) visit, anxiety can be experienced by any child or adolescent as well as by their caregivers. It may be the primary reason for the visit or develop during assessments, procedures, or investigations. \r\nHow individuals experience anxiety during an ED visit can vary. Approaches to recognize, assess and manage anxiety need to be patient- and family-centred.\r\n",[723],{"languageCode":694,"slug":724},"anxiete",{"cursor":726,"node":727},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQ1OA==",{"name":566,"slug":728,"description":729,"translations":730},"iron-deficiency-anemia","Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is most commonly found in toddlers and adolescents. A primary diagnosis should be identified to explain insufficient intake or excessive loss of iron. The treatment for IDA is supplemental iron. Blood transfusion is restricted to emergency management of patients with hemodynamic instability. ",[731],{"languageCode":694,"slug":732},"iron-deficiency-anemia-fr",{"cursor":734,"node":735},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQ2MQ==",{"name":569,"slug":736,"description":737,"translations":738},"influenza","Resources to support informed decision-making in the care of pediatric patients with influenza in emergency settings.",[],{"cursor":740,"node":741},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQ2Mw==",{"name":572,"slug":742,"description":743,"translations":744},"advanced-life-support","Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) is a set of clinical guidelines and techniques used to provide emergency care to infants and children experiencing life-threatening medical conditions, such as cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, or shock. It focuses on rapid assessment, early intervention, and the use of advanced airway management, medications, and defibrillation to stabilize and resuscitate pediatric patients. ",[],{"cursor":746,"node":747},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQ2NA==",{"name":53,"slug":748,"description":749,"translations":750},"education-session","The tool provides access to all the  TREKK and University of Manitoba's virtual education session videos.",[],{"cursor":752,"node":753},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQ3MQ==",{"name":577,"slug":754,"description":755,"translations":756},"migraine","Migraine accounts for up to 30% of pediatric Emergency Department (ED) visits for headache and results in frequent ED revisits. The average age of onset is 7 years in boys and 9 years in girls. Migraine is more common in girls by adolescence. Evidence for ED management of acute migraine attacks in children and adolescents is limited, resulting in significant practice variation.",[757],{"languageCode":694,"slug":758},"migraine-fr",{"cursor":760,"node":761},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQ3Mg==",{"name":580,"slug":762,"description":763,"translations":764},"abdominal-pain","Abdominal pain is a common complaint in children, often leading to visits to the emergency department (ED). It can be caused by various conditions, ranging from mild issues like constipation or gas to more serious concerns such as infections or gastrointestinal conditions. Children may experience abdominal pain differently, with younger children having difficulty describing their discomfort. Recognizing, assessing, and managing abdominal pain requires a patient- and family-centred approach to address both the physical and emotional aspects of care.",[],{"cursor":766,"node":767},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQzMg==",{"name":583,"slug":768,"description":769,"translations":770},"pneumonia","Viruses are the leading cause of pneumonia in healthy young children, followed by bacteria and rarely, other organisms. These resources focus on uncomplicated community acquired pneumonia (CAP).",[771],{"languageCode":694,"slug":772},"pneumonie",{"cursor":774,"node":775},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQzNA==",{"name":586,"slug":776,"description":14,"translations":777},"chronic-pain",[],{"cursor":779,"node":780},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjIy",{"name":61,"slug":781,"description":782,"translations":783},"aom","Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is common in children under 5 years of age and is often a self-limited illness lasting several days. The mainstay of AOM management is symptom/pain control. In some cases, AOM can be more prolonged or severe and requires antibiotic treatment.",[784],{"languageCode":694,"slug":785},"aom-fr",{"cursor":787,"node":788},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjI1",{"name":69,"slug":789,"description":790,"translations":791},"anaphylaxis","Anaphylaxis is a serious systemic hypersensitivity reaction that is rapid in onset and can be fatal. The highest incidence of anaphylaxis is in children and youth. The three principal triggers of anaphylaxis are foods, insect stings, and drugs. In Canada, there is an Emergency Department (ED) visit for food allergy approximately every 10 minutes, and up to 80% of anaphylactic reactions in children are triggered by foods such as peanuts, tree nuts, and milk.",[792],{"languageCode":694,"slug":793},"anaphylaxis-fr",{"cursor":795,"node":796},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjI3",{"name":76,"slug":797,"description":798,"translations":799},"asthma","Approximately one-third of children with asthma presenting to the emergency department (ED) have moderate respiratory distress, and less than 5% will have a severe exacerbation. There are some differences between provincial asthma pathways with regards to PRAM scores and treatment. ",[800],{"languageCode":694,"slug":801},"asthme",{"cursor":803,"node":804},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjI4",{"name":83,"slug":805,"description":806,"translations":807},"bronchiolitis","Bronchiolitis is a common viral illness. It is most commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus and typically occurs over the late fall and winter months. Children less than 2 years of age are most commonly affected, with the largest burden of illness being in children less than 12 months of age.",[808],{"languageCode":694,"slug":809},"bronchiolitis-fr",{"cursor":811,"node":812},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjMw",{"name":90,"slug":813,"description":814,"translations":815},"burns","Burns are a leading cause of unintentional injury and death in children, with the vast majority of cases occurring in the home. Regardless of the burn depth or extent, these injuries can have significant long-term functional, aesthetic, and psychological consequences for the child.",[816],{"languageCode":694,"slug":817},"burns-fr",{"cursor":819,"node":820},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjM1",{"name":599,"slug":821,"description":14,"translations":822},"covid-19",[823],{"languageCode":694,"slug":824},"covid-19-fr",{"cursor":826,"node":827},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjMx",{"name":602,"slug":828,"description":829,"translations":830},"cannabis-intoxication","Cannabis contains two well known components, Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-9-THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD). The psychoactive properties of cannabis are typically attributed to Δ-9-THC, which is present in variable concentrations dependent on the strain, and absorbed at variable rates dependent on the mode of ingestion. Acute intoxication is rare from cannabidiol (CBD) products unless given in excess or with high THC:CBD ratio. Since Canadian legalization of cannabis for adults, there has been an increasing rate of hospitalization for cannabis exposures in children 14 years and younger.",[831],{"languageCode":694,"slug":832},"cannabis-intoxication-fr",{"cursor":834,"node":835},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjMy",{"name":605,"slug":836,"description":837,"translations":838},"developmental-and-intellectual-disabilities","Children and youth with developmental or intellectual delays/disorders (DD) use Emergency Department (ED) 1.8 times more frequently than the general pediatric population. This population of patients includes those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), or other conditions. This document provides recommendations for the medical approach to these patients to assist in optimizing care.",[839],{"languageCode":694,"slug":840},"caring-for-children-with-developmental-and-intellectual-disabilities-fr",{"cursor":842,"node":843},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjU5",{"name":608,"slug":844,"description":845,"translations":846},"child-abuse","Children under 3 years of age are at highest risk for serious injuries from abuse. Being alert to findings that suggest abuse will improve early recognition and prevent recurrent, escalating abuse. The extent of the workup performed in the emergency department will vary based on geography, acuity of injury, and services available. Early consultation with a Pediatric Referral Centre or child protection team is recommended.",[847],{"languageCode":694,"slug":848},"child-abuse-fr",{"cursor":850,"node":851},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjMz",{"name":97,"slug":852,"description":853,"translations":854},"concussion","Concussion is a traumatic brain injury resulting from acceleration/deceleration forces from a direct blow to the head, face, neck or elsewhere on the body with an 'impulsive' force transmitted to the head. Loss of consciousness and amnesia are not required to make the diagnosis.",[855],{"languageCode":694,"slug":856},"concussion-fr",{"cursor":858,"node":859},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjM0",{"name":104,"slug":860,"description":861,"translations":862},"constipation","Children with functional constipation (FC) often present to the ED with impaction or colicky abdominal pain. The prevalence of FC in infants and toddlers is approximately 20%. While organic causes are responsible for less than 5% of constipation in children, FC may mimic surgical causes of abdominal pain, such as appendicitis, intussusception and bowel obstruction, thus a careful assessment is required before making this diagnosis.",[863],{"languageCode":694,"slug":864},"constipation-fr",{"cursor":866,"node":867},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjM3",{"name":111,"slug":868,"description":869,"translations":870},"croup","Croup is the most common cause of upper airway obstruction in children. It is characterized by acute onset of barky cough +/- stridor. The typical age of presentation is between 6 months and 5 years with a peak around 2 years. Consider other causes of upper airway obstruction such as bacterial tracheitis, epiglottitis and retropharyngeal abscess in children presenting with severe symptoms and a transient or lack of response to croup treatment.",[871],{"languageCode":694,"slug":872},"croup-fr",{"cursor":874,"node":875},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjM2",{"name":617,"slug":876,"description":877,"translations":878},"critically-ill-neonate","A clinical tool to guide decision-making when caring for critically ill pediatric patients in emergency settings. \r\nUse in infants 0-28 days. At birth, refer to NRP guidelines. Not intended for preterm infants less than 37 weeks",[879],{"languageCode":694,"slug":880},"critically-ill-neonate-fr",{"cursor":882,"node":883},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjM4",{"name":119,"slug":884,"description":885,"translations":886},"dka","Diabetic ketoacidosis is a complication of new or existing pediatric diabetes and may be complicated by cerebral injury. Due to this risk, it is treated differently than adult DKA. Health care providers must follow a published pediatric-specific protocol when treating pediatric DKA. Early communication with the diabetes specialist at your pediatric referral site is a key element of the management of these patients. \r\n\r\nKey highlights include dehydration is a key component of DKA pathophysiology; all patients with DKA should receive a 20 ml/kg IV bolus of normal saline or Ringer's lactate over 20 minutes at the initiation of treatment, which can be repeated if the patient remains hypoperfused; ongoing fluids in DKA should be weight-based and account for the significant fluid deficit, with an increased maximum of 500 ml/hr; and every patient in DKA is at risk of cerebral injury before and during treatment, especially if DKA is more severe. Assess every patient with DKA for signs of cerebral injury and follow the TREKK DKA algorithm. \r\n\r\nIn June 2023, TREKK’s DKA resources have been updated to reflect the 2022 International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines.",[887],{"languageCode":694,"slug":888},"dka-fr",{"cursor":890,"node":891},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQyMQ==",{"name":622,"slug":892,"description":893,"translations":894},"eating-disorders","Eating disorders are complex biopsychosocial disorders with significant medical sequelae and a high mortality rate. They exist across diverse populations regardless of age, race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, body habitus, and socioeconomic background. Over the past several years, eating disorder diagnoses have increased globally.",[895],{"languageCode":694,"slug":896},"troubles-alimentaires",{"cursor":898,"node":899},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjExNA==",{"name":625,"slug":900,"description":901,"translations":902},"febrile-seizures","A febrile seizure is a convulsion accompanied by a fever or illness. The child usually has muscle twitching, jerking or stiffness for a few minutes. The child usually loses consciousness and it is common for the child’s eyes to roll upward. Most children are sleepy afterward and are not responsive to your voice.\r\n\r\nFebrile seizures are common. Between 2-5% of children will have at least one febrile seizure when they are between 6 months and 5 years old. This video will help you to understand what is happening to your child and will help prepare you for your medical visit.",[903],{"languageCode":694,"slug":904},"febrile-seizures-fr",{"cursor":906,"node":907},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQw",{"name":126,"slug":908,"description":909,"translations":910},"fever","Neonates (less than or equal to 28 days of age) and young infants (29-60 days of age) with fever account for a significant number of emergency department (ED) visits. At this age, there is an increased risk of urinary tract infections and invasive bacterial infections (IBIs), specifically bacteremia and bacterial meningitis. Most febrile young infants have self-limited viral illnesses, however up to 2-3% harbour life-threatening IBIs. Clinical examination can be unreliable in determining the source or severity of infection. The difficulty lies in differentiating the infant with IBIs from those without, while minimizing the risks of over-investigations. Additionally, infants with IBIs are at risk of poor outcomes if not diagnosed and treated promptly.",[911],{"languageCode":694,"slug":912},"fever-fr",{"cursor":914,"node":915},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQx",{"name":133,"slug":916,"description":917,"translations":918},"fractures","Children break bones more easily than adults - so pediatric fractures are very common. There are several unique features of the pediatric musculoskeletal system that need to be considered in management decisions of all of these injuries - growth plates, plasticity, callus formation, remodeling potential, and partial breaks are some of the key ones. Recognition and appropriate management of pediatric fractures by ED providers is critical. While some common minor wrist and ankle fractures can be treated with a less conservative approach encouraging an early return to activities, other fractures if not treated properly can result in long term functional problems for the child and/or be a sign of child maltreatment.",[919],{"languageCode":694,"slug":920},"fractures-fr",{"cursor":922,"node":923},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQy",{"name":141,"slug":924,"description":140,"translations":925},"gastroenteritis",[926],{"languageCode":694,"slug":927},"gastroenteritis-fr",{"cursor":929,"node":930},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjYx",{"name":634,"slug":931,"description":932,"translations":933},"hand-foot-mouth","Hand-foot-mouth disease or coxsackie is a common viral illness that most children get at some point that can cause symptoms including fever, rash, spots in the mouth and decreased feeding. This short video will help you to understand what to expect when your child has coxsackie and how you can care for them.",[934],{"languageCode":694,"slug":935},"hand-foot-mouth-fr",{"cursor":937,"node":938},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjExMA==",{"name":637,"slug":939,"description":14,"translations":940},"high-flow-nasal-cannula",[941],{"languageCode":694,"slug":942},"high-flow-nasal-cannula-fr",{"cursor":944,"node":945},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQ0",{"name":148,"slug":946,"description":947,"translations":948},"intussusception","Intussusception is invagination of the intestine into an adjacent segment, most commonly involving the ileocecal valve. This process occludes blood supply to the bowel and can progress from tissue ischemia to necrosis/perforation. It is most likely to be idiopathic, but can be caused by a variety of pathological lead points.",[949],{"languageCode":694,"slug":950},"intussusception-fr",{"cursor":952,"node":953},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjQ2",{"name":642,"slug":954,"description":955,"translations":956},"meningitis","Most cases of childhood meningitis are caused by an enterovirus. Bacterial meningitis is less common, with 90% of cases occurring in children less than 5 years of age. Bacterial meningitis has a mortality rate of 20% in infants and 2% in children; neurologic sequalae occur in approximately one-third of children who survive their infection. Early diagnosis and treatment of bacterial meningitis is associated with better outcomes. Viral meningitis is a diagnosis of exclusion.",[957],{"languageCode":694,"slug":958},"meningitis-fr",{"cursor":960,"node":961},"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjEwNQ==",{"name":645,"slug":962,"description":963,"translations":964},"mental-health-self-assessment-tool","On this page, you will find evidence-based tools and information surrounding pediatric mental health concerns. 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For those of us who are settlers, we recognize that processes of colonization continue to impact Indigenous Peoples today. TREKK is committed to working toward cultural safety, decolonization, and reconciliation.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>TREKK reconnaît que notre réseau est situé sur les territoires non cédés et ancestraux de divers peuples autochtones de l'Île de la Tortue.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>D’un océan à l’autre, nous respectons et reconnaissons les Inuits, les Métis et les Premières Nations en tant que gardiens traditionnels des terres sur lesquelles nous travaillons et vivons. Pour ceux d’entre nous qui sont des colons, nous reconnaissons que les processus de colonisation continuent d’avoir un impact sur les peuples autochtones aujourd’hui. 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